Providence, on the record
Inside the Line

Inside the Line

The Fox Point Hurricane Barrier closes against storm tides for about 280 acres of Providence. This is that line, and what lies on either side of it.

Inside the line are 2% of Providence's residents, 16% of its jobs and 8% of its assessed value. 53% of that value is exempt from the property tax, against 35% citywide. Of the 41 storage tanks mapped in the flood zones, 36 stand outside the line, nearly all along Allens Avenue and Terminal Road, and the Fields Point treatment plant is outside it too. The ground there is lower: on the coastal parcels outside the line, 45% lies below the water Hurricane Bob brought in 1991. Inside, 8%.

This week at the gauge

Loading NOAA gauge 8454000…
InsideOutsideMedian ground inside the line: 11.9 ftMedian ground on the coastal parcels outside: 8.3 ft0510152025Daily high tide 2.4 ftGates close 5.2 ftHurricane Bob, 1991 7.5 ftFEMA 1%-a-year flood, outside 12.0 ftHurricane Carol, 1954 14.0 ft1938 hurricane, the record 15.0 ftThe barrier's design storm 19.7 ftTop of the barrier 24.2 ft
Feet above NAVD88. Tan is the median ground: 11.9 ft inside the line, 8.3 ft on the coastal parcels outside it. Blue is the water at the gauge now. Water levels are in italic, as on a chart.
Inside the lineCoastal flood zone, outside the lineRiver flood zone500-year zone◆ Fox Point Hurricane BarrierLayers button: parcels, and ground contours at 5, 10 and 15 ft

Providence parcels by ring

Parcels are Providence tax-parcel footprints whose interior point falls in each zone; condominium units that share a footprint count once. Everything outside these four rings is minimal flood hazard.

RingParcelsAcres
Inside the line
Area with reduced flood risk due to levee
522293
Coastal flood zone, outside the line
VE, or AE with a coastal base flood elevation of 12 ft and up
75301
River flood zone
Other A and AE: the 1%-a-year flood from the rivers
160245
500-year zone
0.2% annual chance flood hazard
80166

Who and what is in each ring

Inside the line is 2% of Providence's residents, 16% of its jobs, 8% of its assessed value and 9% of its 2025 tax bill.

RingResidentsJobsAssessedTax billed
Inside the line3,83518,582$2,807M$33.0M
Coastal flood zone, outside the line414386$304M$3.9M
River flood zone6321,681$891M$3.5M
500-year zone2771,254$188M$3.4M

Providence only. Residents: 2020 Census, by block. Jobs: 2023, LEHD LODES 8, by block. Assessed value and tax billed: the city's 2025 tax roll, each account placed at its mapped point. Inside the line, $1,495M of the $2,807M assessed is exempt. The largest single account in any ring is Providence Place, in the river flood zone: $731M assessed, carried as exempt on the roll, paying the city instead under its 1996 tax agreement. The largest in the coastal ring are Johnson & Wales's Harborside campus, the Providence Public Building Authority at 1 River Dr., and Narragansett Electric on Terminal Road.

Tanks and power

Storage tanks mapped in OpenStreetMap: 36 stand in the flood zones outside the line, 5 inside it. Each is matched to the tax-roll lot it stands on.

Owner on the rollRingTanks
Triton Terminaling LLC
520 Allens Ave
Coastal, outside7
SPRAGUE C H & SON COMPANY
120 Allens Ave
Coastal, outside4
owner not named on the roll
125 Terminal Rd
Coastal, outside1
Dominion Energy Manchester Street Inc
50 Allens Ave
Coastal, outside1
Triton Terminaling LLC
655 Allens Ave
500-year10
WT Terminal Providence LLC
29 Terminal Road
500-year6
Triton Terminaling LLC
1116 Eddy St
500-year3
Triton Terminaling LLC
477 Allens Ave
500-year2
Sea-3 Providence, LLC
25 Fields Point Dr
500-year1
Narragansett Electric Co
185 Terminal Rd
500-year1
Dominion Energy Manchester Street Inc
4R Allens Ave
Inside4
Dominion Energy Manchester Street Inc
50 Allens Ave
Inside1

Inside the line, OpenStreetMap maps the Manchester Street Generating Station and the Franklin Square, Point Street and South Street substations. Outside it, in the flood zones: Green Providence Wind I, Green Providence Wind II, NBC Field's Point Wind Farm. The Fields Point Treatment Plant is in the 500-year zone outside the line. OpenStreetMap is volunteer-mapped; a tank it lacks is not counted.

Where the line is

FEMA maps the barrier's protected area as "area with reduced flood risk due to levee," its label for land behind a levee it credits. The main piece is 279.1 acres; the Army Corps gives "about 280 acres." FEMA credits two more pieces, for 418 acres in all:

PieceAcresResidentsAssessed
Downtown, the Jewelry District, and the Woonasquatucket west toward Olneyville2792,721$2,167M
The east bank, Fox Point to Canal Street68327$374M
The Woonasquatucket, Eagle Square to Citizens Plaza66787$266M

Jobs: 14,878, 1,424, 2,280, in the same order. Acres are FEMA's polygons; the other columns use the same sources as the table above. A handful of slivers under two acres each make up the rest.

Water and ground on one scale

Share of the ground lower than each water level, inside the line and on the coastal-zone parcels outside it:

Inside the lineCoastal-zone parcels, outside the line
Daily high tide
2.4
—
—
Gates close
5.2
0%
2%
Hurricane Bob, 1991: highest since the barrier
7.5
8%
45%
FEMA 1%-a-year flood, outside the line
12.0
51%
89%
Hurricane Carol, 1954
14.0
68%
94%
1938 hurricane: the gauge's record
15.0
72%
95%
The barrier's design storm
19.7
94%
99%
Top of the barrier
24.2
98%
99%

Feet above NAVD88. Daily high tide is mean higher high water; the gates close at 7.68 ft above mean lower low water; FEMA's coastal flood elevations outside the line run 12 to 15 ft, and the table uses the low end. Carol (16.5 ft above mean lower low water at the Providence gauge), the design storm (22.18) and the top of the barrier (26.68) are from the Coastal Resources Management Council's Metro Bay plan, January 2009 draft; the Corps' own design drawings are requested. Median ground: 11.9 ft inside the line (418 acres), 8.3 ft on the 266 acres of coastal-zone parcels outside it. Ground from 5-ft contours of the 2011 Northeast LiDAR, interpolated on a 20-ft grid; water levels from NOAA gauge 8454000, converted from mean lower low water (NAVD88 sits 2.47 ft above it at the gauge).

The same storm on a higher sea

Share of the ground lower than Hurricane Bob's peak, raised by the Corps' sea-level curves:

Inside the lineCoastal-zone parcels, outside the line
Bob as it came, 1991
7.5
8%
45%
Bob in 2050, low curve (+0.3 ft)
7.8
12%
47%
Bob in 2050, intermediate (+0.5)
8.0
14%
48%
Bob in 2050, high (+1.3)
8.8
21%
53%
Bob in 2100, intermediate (+1.7)
9.2
24%
55%
Bob in 2100, high (+4.8)
12.3
55%
91%

Rise measured from 2016.5, the same curves as the projections below. Inside the line, these are the levels the barrier is there to hold out; its top is 24.2 ft.

How often the water reaches the trigger

The Corps closes the gates when the tide is forecast to reach 7.68 feet above mean lower low water at Providence. Every time since 1938 the water at Providence topped it: 35 times.

Barrier completed, 19661938-09: 17.51 ft1942-03: 8.11 ft1944-09: 10.71 ft1944-11: 7.91 ft1945-11: 7.81 ft1954-08: 16.50 ft1960-09: 9.61 ft1963-11: 9.51 ft1966-12: 7.91 ft1970-02: 8.01 ft1972-02: 7.73 ft1972-11: 8.05 ft1974-12: 8.74 ft1978-01: 9.75 ft1985-09-27: 9.15 ft1986-12-03: 7.97 ft1987-01-23: 9.12 ft1988-10-22: 7.68 ft1990-12-04: 8.10 ft1991-08-19: 9.99 ft1991-10-31: 7.74 ft1996-01-19: 8.32 ft1997-01-10: 8.42 ft2006-10-28: 8.23 ft2007-04-16: 8.91 ft2008-12-12: 8.21 ft2011-08-28: 8.12 ft2012-10-29: 9.19 ft2018-03-03: 7.74 ft2022-01-17: 7.71 ft2022-12-23: 9.10 ft2023-12-18: 9.12 ft2024-01-10: 7.95 ft2024-01-13: 8.30 ft2024-03-10: 7.72 ft1938CarolBobSandy194019501960197019801990200020102020

Bar height is the peak water, 7.68 to 17.5 ft above mean lower low water; grey bars are before the barrier. Complete years at NOAA gauge 8454000, 2020 through 2025: 0, 0, 2, 1, 3, 0 days above the trigger. The Corps reports 3 flood-control closures in 2024 and none in 2025.

Every time since 1938 the water at Providence topped 7.68 ft (35)
DateStormFt, MLLW
1938-09*The 1938 hurricane17.51
1942-03*8.11
1944-09*The Great Atlantic Hurricane10.71
1944-11*7.91
1945-11*7.81
1954-08†Hurricane Carol16.50
1960-09*Hurricane Donna9.61
1963-11*9.51
The barrier is completed, 1966
1966-12*7.91
1970-02*8.01
1972-02*7.73
1972-11*8.05
1974-12*8.74
1978-01*9.75
1985-09-27Hurricane Gloria9.15
1986-12-037.97
1987-01-239.12
1988-10-227.68
1990-12-048.10
1991-08-19Hurricane Bob9.99
1991-10-31The Perfect Storm7.74
1996-01-198.32
1997-01-108.42
2006-10-288.23
2007-04-168.91
2008-12-128.21
2011-08-28Tropical Storm Irene8.12
2012-10-29Hurricane Sandy9.19
2018-03-037.74
2022-01-177.71
2022-12-239.10
2023-12-189.12
2024-01-107.95
2024-01-138.30
2024-03-107.72

Dates are days where NOAA publishes the daily high tides (from 1977, except 1978). * Month only: NOAA's monthly highest water, where daily tides aren't published. † The gauge was not recording; 16.5 ft is the Coastal Resources Management Council's figure (Metro Bay plan, 2009 draft).

Days a year above the trigger, on the Corps' sea-level curves

YearLowIntermediateHigh
20300.60.71.1
20500.91.720.2
20701.26.4167.2
21003.650.7364.5

Tide heights from 2007–2025 replayed on each curve's sea level; trigger unchanged since design.